Ubukho bukaThixo, yile nto sizakuthetha ngayo kweli nqaku liphela, apho siza kunika khona ingxoxo ye-ontological ngokweengcinga ezahlukeneyo kwaye siza kuyichaza ukuze siyazi ingqikelelo yayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndikumema ngokufudumeleyo ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngesi sihloko siphikisayo.
Isalathiso semixholo
Ubukho bukaThixo
Xa isiza kuthetha ngempikiswano ye-ontological ukucacisa ubukho bukathixo, isekwe ekuqiqiseni apho kusetyenziswa kuphela isizathu. Yiyo loo nto olu hlobo lwempikiswano luguquka kakhulu kuba alufuni ukubonisa ubungqina bobukho bukaThixo, kuba le ngxoxo isixelela ukuba uThixo, ukuba ngengqondo elula yokuba nguThixo oku kuthetha ukuba ukhona.
Ngenxa yokuba siyazi ukuba kukho uThixo, okhuselayo nosikhathaleleyo, kufuneka abekho ngandlela thile. Ngesi sizathu esinye sezonagxeko ziphambili zale mpikiswano kukuba iyasilela ekunikezeleni ubungqina bokwenyani bokuba uThixo ukhona.
Uhlalutyo lwempikiswano ye ontological
Phakathi kweengxoxo eziphambili zezi ngcinga sinale ilandelayo:
- Imonki iAnselm yaseCanterbury isixelela ukuba uThixo ngumntu ongenakucinga ngento engaphaya kwakhe.
- Kwaye uDescartes usixelela ukuba uThixo ngumntu ogqibeleleyo.
Ingxoxo esiyibekwe yile monki yaseAnselm yaseCanterbury yayijolise kubantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo. Apho isixelela khona ukuba uThixo ngoyena mntu ubalaseleyo kungekho namnye kubo, kuba ingumntu ogqibeleleyo kwaye ongenamida kwaye nangona ubukho bayo bungenakuphikwa, kwaye bungasayinwa.
Kwimeko kaDescartes wayenengxoxo yakhe efanayo neyangaphambili esithi, kanye njengokuba kukho ukucamngca kwesihlanu, okanye ingcinga yokuba kukho ihashe elinamaphiko okanye elingenamaphiko. Kuba awunakucinga ngoThixo ongekhoyo ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ingxoxo ka-Avicenna ye-ontological
Kule ngxoxo ka-Avicenna, usixelela ukuba indalo iphela inothotho lwezinto ezilandelelanayo kunye nomanyano lwezidalwa, ukuba into ekhoyo ikho kule ingezantsi kwaye inoxanduva lobukho bazo zonke izinto ezikhoyo phantsi kwakhe. Ke ngoko, lempikiswano ye-ontological isekwe kwinto yokuba uThixo uyimvelaphi yayo yonke into nokuba ukuphindaphindwa kwezinto kubangelwa ubukho bukaThixo.
IAnselm yeCanterbury's Ontological Argument
Ngaphakathi kwezi ngxoxo ziveliswe yile monki sinokuthi sichaze oku kulandelayo:
- UThixo sesinye sezidalwa ekungekho mntu wakha wacinga ukuba sasikhona.
- UThixo ukhona njengokucinga okukhoyo engqondweni yomntu.
- UThixo ngumntu okhoyo phakathi kwamazwe amabini okuthetha, engqondweni nakwinyani.
- Ukuba uThixo ukhona kwaye ungumdali wayo yonke into, akunakwenzeka ukuba kubekho umntu omkhulu kunaye.
- Ke ngoko ubukho bukathixo alithandabuzeki.
Kwesinye isahluko sencwadi esenziwe yimonki uqhubeka nokusinika ezinye iimpikiswano:
- UThixo ngumntu ongenakucingwa ngaye.
- Ukubaluleka kobukho bayo kukhulu.
- Ke ubukho bayo buyimfuneko kakhulu.
- Kwaye ukuba uThixo uyimfuneko ebantwini, kufuneka abekhona.
Ukuba uyifumene le posi inomdla, siyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu ku: INovena eya kwiVirgen del Carmen yonke imihla.
Ingxoxo ye-ontological kaDescartes
Ngaphakathi kweenkcazo uDescartes asinika zona kwingxoxo yakhe ye ubukho bukathixo singathi:
- Nantoni na okanye umbono owaziwayo ucacile, olu luvo kufuneka luthathwe njengenyaniso.
- Yiyo le nto, ukuba ubukho bukaThixo bucacile, kufuneka abekho.
- Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuthiwe uThixo ukhona.
Ukuphikisana noBharuki Spinoza
Kule meko, iimpikiswano ezisetyenziswe nguSpinoza zisekwe kuvavanyo ezintathu esiza kuzichaza apha ngezantsi:
- Kuvavanyo lokuqala le ntetho icinga ukuba uThixo akakho, ke, kuba akekho, ubukho bakhe abuyomfuneko. Okungakumbi, nangona kunjalo, usixelela ukuba le ngcinga ayinangqondo kuba xa kukho into ekhoyo kwindalo ekukholelwa ukuba ikhona.
- Kuvavanyo lwesibini uyasicacisela ukuba ukungabikho kobukho besizathu sokuba lo mntu ubekho akuthethi ukuba ayinakubakho, ke ngoko, uThixo ukhona.
- Kwaye kuvavanyo lwesithathu usixelela ukuba, ukuba thina bantu sikhona kwaye singabantu abangenasiphelo, oko kuthetha ukuba uThixo ungoyena mntu unamandla kwaye umbulelo kuye siphila. Yiloo nto simele sigqibe kwelokuba uThixo ukho.
Ukubaluleka kobukho bukaThixo
Bonke abantu ngamanye amaxesha bayazibuza ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ukhona nyhani uThixo, ixesha elininzi xa sizibuza le mibuzo kungenxa yokuba sikwiimeko ezingathandekiyo ezisenza sithandabuze ubukho bayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siyazi ngobukho bayo kwaye sicacile ngayo.
Esinye sezizathu zokubaluleka kobukho bukaThixo sinaso:
- Ukuba ungumdali wethu kwaye sikhona ngenxa yakhe, sikulo mhlaba sinombulelo kuye kwaye simtyala yonke into esinayo.
- Xa uThixo wadala indoda nomfazi, wasenza ukuba sikwazi ukuthobela ngokukhululekileyo okanye ukungathobeli, wabanika inkululeko yokuzikhethela. Ke ngoko, umgwebi ekuphela kwakhe onokusigweba.
- Kwaye ekugqibeleni oyena mntu unokusinceda nguye.
Ukuphelisa eli nqaku ngesihloko esinomdla kunye nesihloko esikhulu sengxoxo mpikiswano ixesha elide kwi ubukho bukaThixo. Singaya kude sithi umntu ngamnye uya kuba nembono yakhe malunga ubukho be Iidayos okanye hayi, bethatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga, eziya kuba neenkolelo ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe kwisigqibo abasenzayo.
Andizazi iinkolelo onokuthi ubenazo malunga noku, kodwa ndiza kukunika olwam uluvo ukuze thina bantu silapha emhlabeni, kungenxa yokuba umntu obizwa ngokuba nguThixo weza angenelele ukuze silapha. Kwaye usinike konke okufunekayo ukuze sigcwalise le planethi, nokuba, nokuba asimboni, ukho, kuzo zonke iinkcukacha ozibonayo, ukutshona kwelanga, uncumo lomntwana, ezintabeni, esibhakabhakeni phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi.
UThixo uyinto yonke nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuba wasinika isipho sobomi, enkosi kuye. Ke, ukuba ibikho kwaye ikho kuyo yonke imihla yobomi bakho, kuzo zonke iimeko oza kuhlala kuzo, kuba uThixo uyinto yonke.
Kwakhona kulo lonke eli nqaku sikubonisa iingxoxo ze-ontological zeengcinga ezahlukeneyo malunga nobukho bukaThixo, apho umntu ngamnye kunokuthiwa unengcamango eyahlukileyo ngaye. Kodwa uhlala ufika kwisigqibo esifanayo sokuba uThixo ukhona.
Emva koko sithethile ngokubaluleka kobukho bukaThixo kwaye sakunika iimpikiswano ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngoku kuhlala kuwe ukuba ucinge kwaye uhlalutye ngoThixo kwaye ngaloo ndlela uthathe indawo yakho malunga nalo mbandela ngeendlela ezininzi zokucinga, kangangokuba ekugqibeleni ibe sisigqibo somntu ngamnye kuthi ukuba sikholwe ntoni kwaye sithini. kholelwa kubukho balo mntu ubalaseleyo.